Author: China Packaging Research & Test Center Lin
ISTA 3A is a comprehensive simulation performance test program launched by the International Safe Transport Association and widely used. Its main purpose is to generally simulate the transportation hazards encountered when packages under 70 kg are transported in packages. The test items are typical, and the test intensity is closer to the actual transportation hazard intensity, so the test procedure is more and more recognized by the majority of product manufacturers.
3A is a test procedure developed by ISTA and technically revised annually according to the latest transportation status and transportation hazards. This article is based on the latest revised version in 2011. The application rate of optional items in the test project is low and under vacuum The vibration test in China is not yet complete in China, and currently only a few laboratories in the United States can operate it. Therefore, this article will not involve optional test items, only discuss mandatory items.
3A is a test procedure for a comprehensive simulation test of individual packages shipped in packages. This procedure applies to packages with a mass not greater than 70kg (150 lb) that are shipped in parcels. In the test procedure, the package is divided into 4 types: small package, flat package, long package, standard package.
The small package must meet three conditions at the same time: the volume is less than 13,000cm3; the longest edge is not more than 350mm; the mass is not more than 4.5kg. The flat package must meet three conditions at the same time: the shortest edge is not more than 200mm; the second shortest edge is not less than 4 times the shortest edge; the volume is not less than 13,000cm3. The long package needs to meet two conditions at the same time: the longest edge is not less than 900mm; the length of the remaining two axial edges is not more than 20% of the longest edge. Standard packages are all packages that do not belong to the above types are collectively called standard packages. Because different types of packages correspond to different test items, it is very important to determine the type of packages before the test. When both flat and long packages are tested, they should be tested in accordance with the test procedures for long packages.
The 3A test procedure has designed different test items according to the above types of packages, and simulated these transportation hazards in the laboratory. The design of the small package test project is divided into 4 sections: temperature and humidity test, drop test (not in the bag), random vibration test, and second drop test (in the bag). The design of the flat package is divided into 7 test items, namely temperature and humidity test, drop test, random vibration test, drop test, rotating edge drop test, tipping test, and concentrated impact test. There are 7 test items for the long package, including temperature and humidity test, drop test, random vibration test, drop test, rotating edge drop test, tipping test, and bridge impact test. There are 4 test items for standard packages: temperature and humidity test, drop test, random vibration test, and drop test.
Looking at the above four different types of packages, they each have different test items, but in summary, it can be seen that ISTA has adopted temperature and humidity pretreatment in the design of the test items-shock-vibration-shock Big test module. The design of the large test module will be introduced below.
The temperature and humidity test requires the package to be stored for 12 hours under natural temperature and humidity conditions in the laboratory. This is because the outer packaging of the package usually uses a carton. In order to accurately and objectively reflect the carton performance, the corrugated carton should be balanced under the natural temperature and humidity conditions in the laboratory a period of time. This test project is to ensure the objective accuracy of the test results.
The first impact test adopted a drop test in 3A. The test requires 9 drops. The drop height is different according to the weight of the package. The drop height of the heavy package is lower because the heavy package is in reality. During handling, the drop height when a drop occurs is usually lower than for lighter packages.
Two frequency spectra were used in the vibration test. One is a road trailer simulation spectrum, and the other is a vehicle distribution transportation simulation spectrum. The Grms of the road spectrum is 0.53. The theoretical travel peak-to-peak value for running this spectrum is 47.12 mm (1.855 in). The Grms of the vehicle distribution transportation simulation spectrum is 0.46. The theoretical travel peak-to-peak value of this spectrum is 58.72mm (2.312 in). When vibrating, there are 3 sides, 4 sides, 6 sides down to carry out the vibration test with or without top load. The purpose is to simulate the transport condition when the package is stacked on the top of the package in the normal transport direction (usually with 3 sides down), and the transport condition when the package is not placed in the normal direction and the top is stacked or not. This test design basically covers several typical situations encountered during actual transportation of the package.
The biggest difference between the second drop and the first drop is that the standard type has three sides of the dangerous object drop; the small package has dropped in the packaging bag; the flat type has two sides of the dangerous object drop and rotation Edge drop, rotating surface drop, and concentrated impact; the elongated type adds 2 sides of dangerous objects, rotating edge drop, rotating surface drop, and bridge impact. The design and arrangement of these different tests are based on the fact that the packages are transported due to their respective size and weight characteristics, and are prone to different types of hazards.
It can be seen that the design of the "shock-vibration-shock" test plate is that ISTA fully follows the transport link of small packages: that is, a package under 70 kg will first encounter handling and then vehicle transportation in the package transportation. After reaching the destination, a second transport will be carried out. Corresponding to the hazard reaction encountered in the test is the drop, vibration and drop / shock. Through the above explanations for each sector, it can be seen that ISTA 3A is very suitable for the order and type of actual transportation hazards. By adopting this test procedure, it can objectively reflect the ability of packages under 70kg to deal with the hazards of small package transportation, and identify whether the package can protect the contents well.
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