On April 2, 2014, the International Peanut Genome Initiative (IPGI), which was participated by multinational crop geneticists, finally received good news. After years of research, they successfully completed the world's first peanut genome mapping. The completion of the sequencing of the peanut genome and the publication of the sequence will provide important support and valuable genetic resources for global researchers and plant breeding experts to breed new peanut varieties with higher yield and wider adaptability.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as long-lived fruit, is considered an important crop in terms of economic value and nutritional value. Globally, the planting area of ​​peanuts reaches 24 million hectares per year, with an annual output value of up to 40 million metric tons. Because peanut is rich in oil and protein, it is regarded as an important economic crop in developed countries and an important food crop in developing countries.
Although peanuts are generally cultivated and planted, due to the complexity of their genomes, researchers have little knowledge of the genetic information of peanuts, which seriously hinders the application of genetic technology to the improvement of flower breeding. At present, peanuts cultivated in the field are the descendants of the natural cross between two wild ancestor species, Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis. Because these two ancestors are different species, the peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) currently cultivated are tetraploid crops (AABB), which means that the cultivars carry two independent genomes of the two ancestor species, that is, peanut A Genome and B genome.
Due to the large and complex genome of cultivated peanuts (2.8GB), genome sequencing and analysis are very difficult. The International Peanut Genome Project first completed the whole genome sequencing of two diploid wild species (ie, peanut A and B genomes). The obtained sequences of the two diploid wild species cover 96% of the genes of the peanut genome. This progress is a milestone for the basic and applied research of peanuts, and is important for the sequencing, analysis and splicing of the next tetraploid cultivars. Reference value. At the same time, wild species are rich in excellent genetic resources that are lacking in cultivars such as disease resistance and stress resistance. The completion of sequencing also helps to profoundly clarify the origin and evolution of peanuts, the molecular basis for the systematic analysis of important traits, and the importance of efficient excavation and control. The functional genes of agronomic traits will greatly promote the development of peanut molecular design and polymerization breeding, and have important theoretical value and application prospects for increasing peanut yield, improving production efficiency, ensuring food safety, and promoting industrial sustainable development.
China is an important participant in the international peanut genome sequencing project. The Chinese partners participating in the genome sequencing include BGI, the Economic Crops Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Biotechnology Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. BGI participated in whole genome sequencing, splicing, assembly and information analysis. Mars (MARS Inc.) group companies, the American Peanut Foundation (The Peanut Foundation) and Chinese partners have provided financial support.
Xu Xun, deputy dean of the BGI Research Institute, said: "Peanuts are an important economic crop in China. The successful deciphering of the peanut genome has improved crop breeding experts to improve peanut crop breeding to produce low input, high output, drought resistance, disease and insect resistance. Disasters are of great significance. In addition, we also maintain close cooperation with many institutions such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, hoping to accelerate the application and transformation of scientific research results in the agricultural field and improve farmers ’families. It is the income of peasant families in poor areas, so that they can be self-sufficient, increase their income and improve their living conditions. "
BGI has always been committed to crop genome research and improved breeding to cope with the growing global food crisis and improve and improve the living conditions of people in poor areas. In addition to the peanut genome, BGI and global partners have successfully deciphered many other important economic crops, such as rice, millet, soybean, sorghum, corn, pigeon pea, wheat, cotton, sesame, etc., to breed excellent varieties for breeding experts It provides important genetic resources for improving crop traits and increasing crop yield.
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