Four inventions of printing literacy

Printed elements

Printing plates generally include four types: relief or typography plate, planography or lithography, intaglio or gravure, and silk screen or porous.

In the letterpress, the printed part is convex, and it is printed with ink and color materials, and the non-printed part is low, so that the ink is not stained with ink, so it can be printed. Toppan has Block Plate, Movable Type, Photoengraving, Duplicate Plate, and Electronic Engraving. The characteristics of letterpress, in the printing process, found errors, there is the opportunity to correct at any time, strong ink expression, a large number of printing or a small amount of printing are appropriate, it is mostly used to print books, newspapers, magazines, cards, stationery and the like .

The lithographer has an imprinting portion and an unprinted portion, and maintains the same level on the plate surface. The embossing portion absorbs the ink and repels moisture. The non-printing portion absorbs moisture and arranges the same. Ink-rejection inks can be printed because water and fat can not be blended and they are dialed back. The lithographic plate is divided into three categories: Surface Plate, Deep-Etch Plate, and Dry Offset Plate. The features of the lithography are rapid in plate making, layout is large, color printing is convenient, and the cost is low. Although the printing capacity and expressive ability are slightly inferior to the letterpress, the printing range is the widest, and books, newspapers, and magazines can be printed, but the general picture And color prints, several are all lithographic printed.

In the intaglio, the printed part is depressed to store the ink. The non-printed part is the plane. The ink on the plane must be erased so that no ink is left, and the printing presses the substrate. The printing is completed by sucking the ink on the paper in contact with the ink in the depression. Gravure is divided into En-graving Plate, Electroplating and Photogravure. The characteristics of gravure are particularly strong in ink. Although the plate making is difficult, the prints are beautiful. Therefore, it is mostly used for printing notes, stamps, stocks and other securities and artwork. Because its ink layer is higher than the paper surface, photocopying is difficult and it has the function of preventing counterfeiting. Photogravure, in recent years also used as commercial?

Hole version, formerly known as screen printing or printing, is a special brush. The ink is pressed from the front side of the printing plate through the holes of the printing plate, and printed on the substrate of the back (lower side) of the printing plate. According to the plate-making edition, the editions for writing holes, typing holes, stamping holes, and photographic holes, etc., are the same as ordinary mimeographies. The stencil is suitable for the printing of special surfaces such as curved surfaces, rough surfaces, smooth surfaces, metal surfaces, non-metallic surfaces, cloths?

In the future, printing may be unnecessary. Such as electrostatic printing, inkjet printing, laser printing, etc., has now begun to put into practice.

Printing elements: ink

Prints are printed inks (Printing Ink) on the substrate to cure the film, so the quality of the ink is good and the results are good or bad.

The composition of the printing ink is obtained by mixing and mixing four parts: one is a vehicle, and the other is a solvent obtained by refining linseed oil, tung oil, rosin oil, kerosene, synthetic resin, etc., and a resin, etc. It is soluble in turpentine or olein, and the latter is known as vain or Varnish. Second, Pigments are ink coloring materials, which include organic pigments, inorganic pigments, plant pigments, and mineral pigments. The third is desiccant (Driers), so that the printing ink fat quickly drying on the substrate, but also use more metal soaps, such as manganese, cobalt, lead ... and general, such as calcium, iron, copper, zinc, zirconium and so on. Filling Up (Filling Up) increases the concentration of printing ink, which has both diffusion and lubricating properties. Commonly used jade powder, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, aluminum oxide, wax and petrolatum

The characteristics and quality of the printing ink are related to the synthetic materials and the process of tempering. In recent years, printing inks made of resins and plastics have increased.

The inks in development include Heat Set Inks, Quick Setting Inks, High Gloss Inks, Wax Set Inks, and Flexographic Inks. , Steam Set or Moisture Set Inks, Ultraviolet Set Inks, etc.

Printing elements: printed materials

The ink is transferred from the printing plate to printing materials (Printing Materials) to obtain a printed matter. Therefore, the material printed on ink is just like the soil in the plant, the social environment in the individual, and its influence is great.

Ordinary printed materials refer to paper. Papers are newsprint, printed paper, molded paper, wood forest paper, coated paper, banknote paper, wrapping paper, stickers, kraft paper, typing paper, glossy paper, burrs, cardboard, celluloid paper, bakelite paper, fireproof paper Tar paper, toilet paper, bible paper, etc.

The general properties of paper must be determined by its smoothness, thickness, evenness, color, tightness, toughness, ink receptivity, permeability, stretchability, acidity,..., and the like. The big ones are short-fibered, small in retractility, small in tension, and strong in absorption.

The manufacture of paper is made by mixing four kinds of materials. One is fiber, which is made of cotton, hemp, bamboo, wood, straw, bagasse, etc. The second is filler, mixed with white clay, gypsum, asbestos and other pulp, so that the paper surface is smooth and tough. Three is a viscous material, which is added with resin, starch, etc. to prevent ink traces from spreading. Because of the color material, to adjust the paper color.

The standard paper size is 31"x43". The opposite is 31"x21.5", four more, eight more, and so on. Every 500 full sheets of paper are called a ream, and those who make a large weight are those whose paper thickness is light; For example, 60 pounds of paper, ie, 500 pounds, 60 pounds, 120 pounds of paper, 500 pounds, weighs 120 pounds, so 120 pounds of paper must double the 60 pounds of paper thickness (but the area is still 31 and qu 250 pounds.) It is a cardboard.

Special materials to be printed are soft, cellophane, vinylon, polyethylene, fabrics, and chewing materials. Semi-rigid plastics, celluloid, wave cardboard, cardboard and so on. Those who are hard are iron sheets, (aluminum and other metal materials) wood, plywood, glass, pottery, and hard plastic.

Printing elements: printing machine

How to apply printing ink to the printing plate and how to transfer the printing ink attached to the printing material onto the material to be printed? Whether the printed image of the printed product is faithful to the printing plate, or whether the ink color is appropriate to reproduce the gradation of the original document?

There are five types of printing presses, which can be divided into five types: the Typogra-phic Printing Press, the Lithographic Printing Press, the Intaglio Printing Press, and the Silk Screen Printing Press. Printing Press) and Special Print-ing Press.

Letterpress printers include flat plate presses, flat plate presses, and round presses.

Lithographic printing presses, including flat-pressing hand-printing printers, rotary printing machines, flat-plate rotary presses, Collotype printing presses, round-pressing indirect offset printing presses, and Rotary printing presses and so on.

Gravure printing presses include flat pressing hand gravure presses, rotary press gravure presses, and rotary gravure presses.

Stencil printing presses include hand-push mimeographs, rotary mimeographs, hand-push sealers, and electric squeegees.

Special Printing Rocky has tickets for printing, logo printing, rubber printing, curved printing machines, electrostatic printing machines, etc.

From the development sequence, the printing machine can be divided into four categories: lithographic flat pressing, flat circular pressing, direct circular printing, and indirect circular pressing. How much is the color of a single printing ink, can be divided into monochrome machine, double charter machine, four charter machine, six color machine.

The above-mentioned manuscripts, printing plates, printing inks, printing materials, printing machines, etc., are collectively referred to as "printing five major elements." Although they are indispensable, they are both material and still secondary. Its main factor is when it is an excellent technician. Otherwise, no matter how good the material elements are, they will not be able to exert their effectiveness.