According to the national conditions of urgently needed timber in all walks of life, China's forestry science and technology workers have cultivated the Zhonglin Beijing 2000 series Yang, 107 Yang, 108 after nearly seven decades of hard work in the "seventh five-year", "eight five" and "nine-five". Yang, triploid white poplar and other new poplar varieties. Their common features are fast-growing, high-quality, insect-resistant and disease-resistant, and a wide range of adaptation. They are the fastest growing poplar varieties in the country. From the characteristics of the wood of these tree species, high cellulose content, low lignin content, high pulp yield, simple process, light paper pollution and low treatment cost are high quality papermaking materials.
One and triploid hairy whitewood material and paper making performance
According to research by Fang Guigan et al. (2001) of the Research and Development Center of Pulp and Paper, Chinese Academy of Forestry, the arithmetic mean values ​​of the five-year-old triploid poplar wood fibers are: wood fiber length 1.28mm, width 25.7 microns, length and width. The ratio was 49.8, and the wall-to-cavity ratio was 0.66. The chemical composition, the phenyl alcohol extract was 1.67%, the hemicellulose was 83.6%, the lignin was 17.7%, and the hemicellulose was 21.3%. The basic density of wood is moderate, the fiber shape is excellent, the natural whiteness of wood is high, and it is easy to be pulped. The chemical consumption and electric energy consumption are lower than the commonly used fast-growing broad-leaved wood, and the pulp yield is high, the whiteness is high, and the strength is good. A new variety of pulp and paper materials for development (References: Fang Guigan, Deng Yongjun, Li Ping. Evaluation of the pulping performance of triploid Populus tomentosa. 2001, China Youth Green Forum--The 5th Youth Academic Annual Meeting of China Forestry Society Selected Papers, Forestry Science and Technology Management Supplement: 87-90)
In addition, the Forestry Institute of Beijing Forestry University and the Tianjin Institute of Light Industry have also carried out experimental analysis on the material properties and paper-making properties of some new varieties. The research results show that triploid Populus tomentosa is especially suitable for pulpwood production, which is excellent for papermaking. Raw materials. The specific characteristics are:
1. High fiber content and pulping rate
In terms of cellulose content, the triploid Populus tomentosa has obvious advantages. The cellulose content of European paperwood varieties in Europe and the United States is only 42.2%, while the triploid white poplar can reach 53.21%, so the pulping rate is high, among which the machinery The slurry was 91-93% and the chemical pulp was 48%. At the same time, the lignin content and polypentose content of triploid Populus tomentosa were relatively low, only 16.71% and 20.53%, indicating that triploid Populus tomentosa is easy to cook, soften and beat in pulping, and the energy consumption is relatively low.
2, the fiber is long and the physical properties are good
Fiber length, aspect ratio and wall-to-cavity ratio are important indicators for measuring the quality of papermaking materials. Studies have shown that the average length of 4-year-old triploid poplar fiber is 1.09mm or even 36% higher than that of 15-year-old Populus euphratica and Beijing Poplar; The length distribution is uniform, the aspect ratio is large, up to 40 or more; the fiber cell wall is thin, and the wall cavity ratio is small, only 0.19. These fiber performance indexes are unmatched by other poplar varieties. Due to the excellent fiber properties of triploid Populus tomentosa, the fiber is soft and easy to beat and has strong interweaving power during the papermaking process. The paper has a basis weight of 60g/m2, and the tensile strength, tear resistance and resistance of the triploid white poplar paper. The folds showed higher levels of 7.42 kg, 52.8 g and 45 times, respectively. 
3, the material is white and the pollution is light
The wood of triploid Populus tomentosa is white, without black heart and hollow. The whiteness of the color paste is 50-53%, reaching the level of newsprint. After 2% H2O2 bleaching, the whiteness of wood pulp is close to 70%, indicating that triploid Populus tomentosa not only has high whiteness, but also is easy to bleach, which is conducive to the distribution of paper with higher whiteness and corresponding reduction. The cost of bleaching and pollution control.
Second, the European and American fast-growing Yang 110
The European and American fast-growing Yang 110 originated in Italy and is an artificial hybrid of Populus euphratica and Marsh's poplar. It is selected from the national “Ninth Five-Year Plan†scientific and technological research topic “Yangshu Pulpwood Forest Tree Breeding and Breeding Technique Researchâ€. Due to its excellent quality and growth characteristics, new varieties can be planted in the northeast, northwest and north China, namely Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning and other areas. 
Its main features: the bark is smooth and whitish, the dry shape is straight, the wood yield is high, the material is good, and the resistance is strong. The specific performance is as follows:
1. High wood yield: The growth rate of fast-growing poplar No. 110 in Europe and America is more than 70% faster than that of I-214 poplar. The average annual growth of DBH is 3.5-4. 0cm, and the average annual growth of tree height is 3.2-4.0m. It has 1.31 times of fast-growing poplar, and can be used as pulpwood and medium-small-diameter timber in 3 to 4 years. It can be used in 5 years, and 7-8 years of main cutting can be used as glued sheet material.
2. Excellent material and beautiful tree shape: Europe and America fast-growing Yang 110 is more straight than 107 and 108 trunks, with less sharpness, 0.66, branching angle of 40-50, and basic wood density of 0.33g. /cm3, fiber length of 927μm, width of 24μm, is a good raw material for pulp, plywood and so on.
Third, Europe and America Yang 107
The tree is tall, straight and straight, with small sharpness, brown and rough bark, small branching angle and narrow canopy. The side branches are thin, the leaves are heart-shaped and blunt. The fast-growing advantage of Populus euphratica 107 is very obvious.
The material of Populus euphratica 107 is good, the length of wood fiber is 1.145mm, the basic density is 0.395g/cm3, and the length of wood fiber of control I-214 is 0.845mm, and the basic density is 0.390g/cm3. It is a good raw material for pulp and artificial boards.
Europe and the United States Yang 107 in Italy named NEVA, Italian poplar research institute Gianni Facciotto and Gaetano Castro on NEVA wood properties related data: basic density of 0.332g / cm3, air dry density (water content 12%) is 0.396g /cm3; air dry chord to dry shrinkage rate of 7.9%, air dry radial shrinkage rate of 2.9%, chord direction / radial differential dry shrinkage rate of 2.7%; sapwood moisture content of 126%, heartwood moisture content 82%, the intermediate transition zone moisture content is 154%. The rotary cutting performance is good, close to Luke Young and St. Martin.
Fourth, Europe and America Yang 108
1, fast-growing, breast diameter annual growth of up to 4 cm, 3 years of raw material per mu can reach more than 3m3, each hectare can reach more than 45m3, planting 5 years can be rounded;
2, the dry straight crown is narrow, strong wind resistance, suitable for shelter forest;
3, sexual reproduction is easy, cuttings, afforestation survival rate can be as high as 95%; more resistant to drought; resistance to pests and diseases is stronger than I-214 Yang.
4, the material is good (no specific wood materiality measurement data).
V. Zhonglin 46-speed poplar
Zhonglin 46-speed poplar has been successfully developed through biotechnology engineering. It has changed the traditional poplar growth rate, the long product period, the small amount of material, and the low comprehensive benefits. It is the replacement product of traditional poplar, and it is the domestic Central Plains. And cultivars of landscaping, wind and sand control projects in the north.
Compared with traditional poplar, it has the following remarkable features:
(1) The growth rate is fast, the forestation period is short, and it can be completed in four years.
The average height of annual fast-growing poplar is more than 400cm, the rhizome is 3-4cm thick, and the forest-forming period is only 130-160 days. The average height of four-year-old fast-growing poplar can reach 15m, and the average root length is 24cm.
(2) Strong resistance
1, fast-growing Yang can withstand -37.7 ° C low temperature.
2. Good drought resistance, less watering and convenient management.
3, fast-growing Yang can resist the ten-level storm.
4. Fast-growing poplar has strong resistance to pests and diseases. Since planting in 1994, no symptoms of pests and diseases have occurred, and other poplar varieties have suffered from multiple pests and diseases.
5. Fast-growing poplar is strong in salt and alkalinity, and can grow normally in soil with hydrogen ion concentration <3.98-1000 nanomoles/liter (PH6-9), soil acceptable salt <1.1%, and soil organic matter content above 1%.
(3) Wide range of uses
It can be used as a high-quality raw material for industrial pulp, fiberboard, sanitary chopsticks, matchsticks, wrapping paper, and civil building materials. At the same time, fast-growing poplar leaves are highly palatable, nutritious, and high in crude protein (after sputum), which is livestock and poultry. Good feed.
(4) Material data
According to Wang Guiyan of Shandong Academy of Forestry, the basic density of the 8-year-old Zhonglin 46 was found to be 0.307 g/cm3, and the air-dry density was 0.371 g/cm3, which was slightly higher than that of I-214. The main mechanical properties were lower. It is close to I-214 Yang and is a typical soft material.
VI. Zhonglin 2001 Yang Zhonglin 2001 Yang is a new generation of fast-growing new breed of black poplar, which was cultivated by the Chinese Academy of Forestry since Zhonglin 46 Yang. It is based on the excellent traits of Zhonglin 46 Yang, using genetic engineering and tissue culture. A new type of tree that is "produced" by modern biotechnology. At present, the Chinese Academy of Forestry and Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Beijing, Tianjin, Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Gansu, Liaoning and other forestry departments (bureaus) have passed the experiment and believe that performance good.
The hybrid between the group of Populus euphratica and Populus euphratica in the mid-2001 is a hybrid of the black poplar natural mutant Missouri, which is mainly characterized by straight trunks and obvious top-end advantages, except for the general characteristics of American black poplar: large growth Early in the process, the breeding rate is easy to breed, and compared with the European and American poplar (Shalan Yang, 214 Yang) and American black poplar (69 Yang, 72 Yang), the volume growth is increased by 30-50%, the average annual tree It is 2-4m high, up to 5m, breast diameter 2.5-6cm, 0.6-1.8m3 per year, the survival rate of afforestation is increased by 10-30%, and the shape is increased by 0.004-0.008. Anti-wind, anti-middle moth, brown spot disease. According to the rate of resistance to diseases and insects, the main disease resistance increased by 80-100%, and the resistance of the trunk was increased by 90-100%.
The basic density of wood is increased by 0.008-0.03 g/cm3 per cm3, and the length of wood fiber is 1.09-1.99 mm.
Zhonglin 2001 Yang is mainly used for plains, sand shortages, river valleys, river beach greening, timber protection forests, and guiding trees and fast-growing high-yield forests. As industrial materials, medium and small diameter materials in ultra-short or medium-short rotation can be used in paper making, fiberboard, oriented strand board, packaging, etc.; short-rotation large diameter can be used to make plywood, etc.; as a beverage, the crude protein is more than 苜蓿, suitable for cattle, For sheep drinks. The use of adult materials is the same as that of ordinary poplars.
7. Zhonglin 2025 Poplar
Zhonglin 2025 Yang is the Forestry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, and the “Research on the Cross Breeding of 12 New Poplar Varieties in Zhonglin†is a new poplar variety with excellent characteristics. It has passed the national appraisal and won the first prize of the State Forestry Administration for scientific and technological progress.
Excellent characteristics of Zhonglin 2025 Yang:
1. The growth rate is fast, and the average annual growth of the breast diameter is 3.5-5 cm. The average annual growth of trees is 4-6m, and the water and fertilizer conditions are as good as 7m. Two-year-old Zhonglin 2025 Yang can produce 14m3 of pulp and paper for every mu.
2, good material, is a high-quality raw material for pulp and board.
The use of Zhonglin 2025 Yang:
1. Pulp and paper: low lignin content, proper fiber aspect ratio, and high cellulose content are good news materials for papermaking. Two-year-old Zhonglin 2025 Yang can produce 14m3 pulp material per mu, and the pulping yield is as high as 95%, which is easy to bleach.
2, medium density fiberboard: Zhonglin 2025 Yang is a good medium density fiberboard raw material, and the production cost is low.
3, plywood: five to six years of life in the forest 2025 Yang diameter up to 32cm, can be cut and cut veneer, is a good plywood material.
4, blockboard and packaging materials: five-year-old or more Zhonglin 2025 Yang can be used as blockboard and packaging materials.
Eight, Langfang Yang
Langfang Yang is an expert of the Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. After 16 years of research, among the 28,143 hybrid progenies of 382 hybrid combinations, the new clones of the industrial special material, Populus tomentosa, which can be fast-growing and high-yield under low-yield site conditions, were selected. In 1997, it was appraised by the expert committee organized by the Forestry Department of Hebei Province. The results reached the international advanced level in the similar research, and the obtained timber indicators were at the leading position both at home and abroad. Approved by the Hebei Provincial Forestry New Variety Approval Committee, it was officially named Langfang Yang. The introduction of Langfang Yang is as follows:
(a) novel hybrid combinations
Langfang Yang 1 (Shanhai Customs Yang X (Mei Yang + I-63 Yang)), No. 2 (I-69 Yang X Shanhaiguan Yang), No. 3 (Shanhai Customs Yang X (Xiaomei 12+ White Pelican)), no foreign reports .
(2) Excellent growth characteristics
Under the condition of no-manage management of sand wasteland in the lower reaches of Yongding River, the annual average tree height growth of 8-10 years old trees is more than 2 meters, the average annual breast diameter growth is more than 3 centimeters, and the annual average growth rate per mu is more than 1 m3. Compared with domestic and foreign improved varieties in the same climatic zone, the average volume growth is more than doubled compared with Shanhaiguan Yang; it is more than three times higher than I-214. Among them, the average growth volume and volume growth of Langfang Yang 1 was 50.4% and 82.1% higher than that of I-69 poplar, respectively, compared with the two southern black poplars introduced in China; respectively, exceeding I-72 Yang 24.4% and 121 respectively. %. The three Langfang Yangs are new hybrids of the northern American black poplar, and their fast-growing and high-yield performance can be comparable to the southern American black poplar.
(3) Leading timber indicators at home and abroad
The trunk of Langfang Yang is straight, round, with small side branches, weak stems and strong artificial techniques. It is conducive to the cultivation of uncultivated materials; white color, no disintegration of heartwood, rotary cutting and good bonding performance. The plywood pilot products have been appraised by the National Panel Testing Center and meet the national GB-9846-88 quality inspection standards.
The basic density of Yangfang wood in Langfang was 0.344-0.410g/cm3, which exceeded that of Zhonglin 46, I-214 and Luisa, 26%, 41% and 23% respectively. The length of wood fiber was 1.0638-1.2292mm, respectively. 46, I-214, Luisa Yang 12%, 15% and 19%.
The main suitable range of Langfang Yang is along the Great Wall and the North China Plain.
Nine, new trees in landscaping - environmental protection Yang
Populus tomentosa is a native poplar tree unique to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China. Its tree shape is high in appearance, fast in growth, strong in resistance and good in material. It is widely used in urban and rural landscaping. However, when the spring blossoms, the flying of Yang Xiao has brought a lot of trouble to people's lives.
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, and other five units jointly succeeded in the selection and breeding of the first batch of non-flying Maobaiyang male plants, environmentally friendly Yang, which has long been plagued by the problem of Maobaiyang.
Compared with other varieties of Populus tomentosa, the new environmentally friendly Yang variety has a series of excellent characteristics:
The wood is of good quality. The basic density is 0.38 g～0.41 g/cm3 per cubic centimeter, the flexural strength and flexural modulus are 11%-65% higher than that of common white poplar, the fiber length is 1.16 mm, the wood texture is straight, no Wet heartwood, Rotary cut and lint-free, suitable for both plywood and building materials.
After many years and years of research and promotion, the new environmentally friendly Yang variety is suitable for promotion in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces (cities) in northern China.
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