The image is the external feature of the object. The image includes various parts of visual elements. All conceptual elements such as points, lines, and surfaces also have their own images when they are seen on the screen.
In graphic design, a group of identical or similar images is composed, and each of its constituent units becomes the basic shape. The basic shape is a smallest unit, which can be arranged and combined according to certain constitutional principles to obtain the best composition effect.
1. Group shape: In the composition, due to the basic combination, there is a combination relationship between the shape and the shape, this relationship mainly includes:
2. Separation: There is no contact between shapes, there is a certain distance.
3. Contact: The edges between shapes are exactly tangent.
4. Overlap: The relationship between shapes is the cascade relationship, resulting in the spatial relationship of up, down, left, and right.
5. Transparency: The transparency between shapes overlaps each other, but there is no spatial relationship between the top, bottom, and back.
6. Combination: The shapes are combined with each other to form a larger new shape.
7. Reduction: The shapes cover each other, and the covered areas are cut off.
8. Differential overlap: The shapes overlap with each other, and a new shape is generated where the overlap occurs.
9. Coincidence: shapes and shapes overlap each other and become one.
Gradient is a kind of effect that I often hear. In nature, we can experience it firsthand. On the road we will feel the gradual change of trees from near to far, from large to small.
Type of gradient:
1. Gradation of shape: A basic shape changes from one basic shape to another. The basic shape can change from complete to incomplete, from simple to complex, from abstract to concrete.
2. Gradation of direction: The basic shape can be made with gradual change of direction on the plane.
3. Gradation of position: When the basic shape is used for position gradation, a skeleton is needed, because when the basic shape is used for position gradation, the part beyond the skeleton will be cut off.
4. Gradation of size: The basic shape is arranged from large to small gradient, which will produce a sense of depth and space.
5. Gradation of color: In the color, the hue, brightness and purity can all have a gradual effect, and will produce a layered beauty.
6. Gradation of bone lattice: refers to the regular change of bone lattice, so that the basic shape changes in shape, size and direction. The line dividing the bone grid can be made a gradual change of the total bone grid such as horizontal, vertical, diagonal, polyline, and curve. The gradual arrangement of bones is carefully arranged to produce special visual effects, and sometimes also produces a wrong vision and a sense of movement.
The general concept of repetition means that the same image appears more than twice in the same design. Repetition is a more commonly used technique in the design to strengthen the impression, create a regular sense of rhythm, and unify the picture. The so-called same, mainly refers to the same in shape, color, size, etc. in the repeated structure. Basic shape in repetition: The shape used for repetition is called the basic shape, and each basic shape is a unit, and then the design is repeated. The basic shape should not be complicated, mainly simple.
1. The repetition of basic shapes: The use of the same basic shape in the composition design is called the repetition of basic shapes. This repetition can be seen everywhere in daily life. For example: windows in tall buildings.
2. Repetition of bone lattice: If the shape and area of ​​each unit of the bone lattice are completely equal, this is a repeated bone lattice. The repeated bone lattice is a kind of regular bone lattice, the simplest one.
3. Repetition of shape: Shape is the most commonly used repetitive element, and the shape repeated in the entire composition can vary in size, color, etc.
4. Size repeat: similar or the same shape, repeat in size.
5. Color repetition: Under the same color conditions, the shape and size can be changed.
6. Repetition of texture: Under the same texture, the size and color can be changed.
7. Repetition of directions: The shape has a clear consistent directionality in the composition.
Approximately refers to the common features in shape, size, color, texture, etc. It shows the effect of vivid changes in unity. The degree of approximation can be large or small. If the degree of approximation is large, there is a sense of repetition. A small degree of approximation will destroy unity. [next]
Approximate classification:
1. Approximation of shape: If two images belong to the same race, their shapes are similar, just like the image of human beings.
2. Approximation of bone lattice: The bone lattice can be approximate rather than repeated, that is to say, the shape and size of the bone lattice unit have a certain change and are approximate.
Note: The difference between approximation and gradual change is that the change of gradual change is very regular, and the arrangement of basic shapes is very rigorous, while the approximate change is not regular, and the change of basic and other visual elements is large, and it is also relatively lively.
The bone grid determines the relationship between the basic shapes in the composition. Sometimes, the bone lattice also becomes part of the image, and different changes in the bone lattice will change the overall composition.
The bones are divided into:
1. Regular bone lattice: Regular bone lattice has precise and rigorous bone lattice lines, regular number relationships, basic shapes are arranged according to the bone lattice, and there is a strong sense of order. There are mainly repeating, gradual change, launching and other skeletons.
2. Irregular bone lattice: Irregular bone lattice generally does not have rigorous bone lattice lines, and the way of composition is relatively free.
3. Active bone lattice: The effective bone lattice is the boundary line that divides the basic shapes into their respective units. The bone lattice gives accurate space to the image. The basic shape can freely change position, direction, plus or minus in the bone lattice unit, and even beyond the bone lattice line.
4. Non-active bone grid: Non-active bone grid is conceptual, non-active bone grid lines help to arrange the basic shape, but will not affect their shape, nor will the space be divided into relatively independent bone grid units.
5. Repetitive bone lattice: It means that the space units divided by the bone lattice line are exactly the same in shape and size, it is the most regular bone lattice, and the basic shape is arranged according to the continuity of the bone lattice.
Launching is a common natural phenomenon, and the rays of the sun are emitted. The emission has regularity of direction. The emission center is the most important visual focus. All the images are concentrated to the center or spread out from the center. Sometimes it can cause optical dynamics, which can produce an explosive feeling and have a strong visual effect.
Classification of launches:
1. Center point emission: From this center, the emission is concentrated outward or from outside to inside.
2. Spiral launch: The basic form of the spiral has been carried out in a winding arrangement, and the basic form of the spiral gradually expands to form a spiral launch.
3. Concentric launch: Concentric launch is a focal point centered around the launch layer by layer, such as the shape of an arrow target.
Singularity refers to the intentional violation of the order of the constituent elements in an ordered relationship, making a few individual elements stand out in order to break the regularity. [next]
Specific classification:
1. The specificity of the shape: In many repeated or similar basic shapes, a small part of the specific shape appears to form a contrast of differences and become the visual focus on the screen.
2. The specificity of size: In the composition of the same basic form, only some specific comparisons are made in size, but it should be noted that the specificity of the basic form in size should be moderate, and the comparison is not too disparate or too similar.
3. The specificity of colors: In the composition of similar colors, some contrasting ingredients are added to break the monotony.
4. The specificity of the direction: most basic forms are arranged in order, consistent in the direction, and a few basic forms are changed in the direction to form a special effect.
5. The specificity of texture: in the same texture texture, causing different changes in texture.
Contrast is sometimes a morphological contrast, sometimes it is a contrast of color and texture. Contrast can produce bright, positive, and strong visual effects, which are impressive. The nature is full of contrasts, and the world, land, sea, and red flowers and green leaves are all phenomena of contrast. The relationship of contrast includes: size, light and dark, sharp and dull, light and heavy, etc.
Comparative classification:
1. Contrast of shapes: completely different shapes, although there is a certain contrast, but should pay attention to a sense of unity.
2. Contrast of size: The contrast is formed by the different shapes and sizes of the shapes on the screen and the different lengths of the lines.
3. Contrast of colors: The contrast of colors due to different hue, light and shade, light and shade, cold and warm.
4. Contrast of texture: Contrast caused by different texture feelings such as thickness, smoothness, and uneven texture.
5. Contrast of position: The position of the shape in the picture is different, such as the comparison of different positions such as up and down, left and right, height and so on.
6. Contrast of the center of gravity: the contrast produced by the stability, instability, and weight of the center of gravity.
7. Contrast in space: the contrast produced by the positive and negative in the plane, the bottom of the picture, the distance and the sense of front and back.
8. Contrast between virtual and real: graphics with real sense in the picture are called real, the space is virtual, and the virtual places are mostly bottom.
It should be noted that in the use of contrast, a unified overall sense is required, all aspects of visual elements must have a certain general trend, and there is an important point to support each other. If there is contrast everywhere, the factors of contrast cannot be emphasized.
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